THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

BONES

This unit is designed to help you learn about how the bones and joints in the body are used for sport.

OBJECTIVES

1. You should know EXACTLY where in the body the following bones are:-

vetebral column     fibula

the sternum         scapula

ribs                clavicle

pelvic girdle       tarsals

humerus             metatarsals

ulna                carpels

radius              metacarpels

femur               phalanges

patella             tibia

2. You must know how many sections of the veterbral column there are, and

the names of each one.

3. You must know what the structure of a typical bone is.

4. You must be able to classify the bones in objectives 1 as either long, shorter flat bones.

5. You must be able to remember the five main uses of the skeleton.

6. You should be able to say what OSSIFICATION means.

PRINCIPLE BONES

SKULL

MANDIBLE (Lower Jaw)

CLAVICLE (Collar Bone)

STERNUM (Chest Bone)

SCAPULA (Shoulder Blade)

RIBS

VERTEBRAE (Back Bone and Spine)

HUMERUS (Upper Arm)

RADIUS (Lower Arm)

ULNA (Lower Arm)

CARPALS (Wrist )

METACARPALS (Hand)

PHALANGES (Fingers)

PELVIS ( Hip)

FEMUR (Thigh)

PATELLA (Knee Cap)

TIBIA (Lower Leg - shin bone)

FIBULA (Lower Leg)

TARSALS (Ankle)

METATARSALS (Foot)

PHALANGES (Toes)

1] BLOOD PRODUCTION - Blood cells are produced by bone marrow which is found in the cavities of large bones such as the femur.

2] PROTECTION - The skeleton serves to protect the delicate organs of the body, e.g. the skull protects the brain, the ribs protect the heart and lungs.

3] SUPPORT - The skeleton provides a rigid supporting framework for the body. Without this support the body would collapse.

4] MOVEMENT - The bones of the skeleton are jointed so that the body can move around. Muscles act to provide the power to move the joints.

Collect the diagram of the skeleton and label it with the following:-

vetebral column       fibula

the sternum           scapula

ribs                  clavicle

pelvic girdle         tarsals

humerus               metatarsals

ulna                  carpels

radius                metacarpels

femur                 phalanges

patella               tibia

to get the information use the following books:-

a. Fundamentals of Health and PE.

b. Sport Examined.

When you have finished, check that your diagram has all 18 labels and stick it in your book.

The following are a series of clues. next to each clue is a capital letter. Match each clue with the name of a bone you have just labelled on your diagram.

Put the answers in your book.

A. If you bang your elbow the pain you feel is not funny, but this name suggest that it should be. [h]

B. TV doctors can be seen pushing sternly on a patients chest to revive them. [s]

C. Eve in the Bible and Chinese take-aways are connected to spare ... [r]

E. As in the distance from the centre to the edge of a circle. [r]

F. You may think it sounds like a Viking name. [u]

G. Take 'female' and 'purr' as in the cat, remove five letters and you will be left with the right name. [f]

H. Sounds like two women's names put together. [p]

I. Change the first letter in this name to an 'L' and it sounds like the name of an Arab country. [t]

J. Sounds like Latin for telling lies. [f]

K. This name sounds like the top of your head but it is longer. [s]

L. An old musical instrument perhaps. [c]

M. The black sticky substance put on roads, to start this name. [t]

N. A measure more of. [m]

O. The name of a fish extended. [c]

P. A measure more of. [o]

Q. One of those names that should start with 'f' but doesn't. [p]

Collect the sheet with the vertebral column on and label the 5 sections of the column.

The books you may wish to use are:-

Sport Examined

Fundamentals of Health and PE.

Once you have completed the sheet, stick it in your book.

1. Using Sport Examined, look for 'Bones' in the index and having found a suitable

diagram copy this into your book making sure you label the following:-

Spongy bone         Shaft

Compact bone        Articular cartilage

Yellow marrow

2. What do the following words mean?

Ephiysis    Periosteum

[You may need to go to the Library to find out.]

Sport Examined

Fundamentals of Health and PE.

FLAT           SHORT             LONG

Copy out and complete the following passage:-

The Skeleton has_____________________ main uses.

1. It protects the _____________________________ inside the body.

2. It gives________________ to the body which allows humans to____________

upright.

3. It is essential for movement as______________ provide the attachment for

the______________.

4. Red_____________ _________________ in the bones.

5. The___________________ act as levers.

You can get from the following books:-

Sport Examined

Fundamentals of Health and PE.

Using any of the books available write out what OSSIFICATION means (in not more than 20 words). A diagram may help you to do this.

OBJECTIVES.

1. You should be able to say what a joint is.

2. You should be able to draw and label a SYNOVIAL JOINT.

3. You should be able to list the six types of joint.

4. You must be able to give at least one example of the six types of joint.

5. You must be able to say what the words below mean when used to describe movements in joints.

a. flexion

b. extension

c. abduction

d. rotation.

e. adduction

6. You must be able to say what connective tissue is and name the three most important tissues.

In this section we want you to learn what a joint is.

Using Sport Examined and Fundamentals of Health and PE.

Look up joints in the index and read what each one says.

Now complete the following sentences in your books.

1. A joint is _______________________________________________

2. What are the three categories of joint called?

a. ___________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________

3. What is the other name for a freely moveable joint?

It is called a s_______________ joint.

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINT

Collect two sheets, one with pictures of joints and one of headings.

NOW - cut out and attach the correct joint to the correct heading.

Collect a sheet showing joints and their different types of movement and try to describe what each of the following words mean:-

a. flexion

b. extension

c. abduction

d. adduction

e. rotation

List three functions of connective tissue.

Write a sentence to define the following:-

a. cartilage

b. ligament

c. tendons