THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES

By the end of this booklet you should be able to:-

1. Label on a diagram the positions of the following:-

i. larynx          ii. bronchi

iii. bronchioles   iv. alveoli

2. Say what the functions of the nasal passage and the lungs are.

3. Give a description of how we breathe - inspiration and expiration with reference to the ribs and the diaphragm.

4. Know the composition of inhaled and exhaled air.

5. Understand the terms OXYGEN DEBT and VITAL CAPACITY and what their effect is during exercise.

7. Say how lactic acid is produced in the muscles and what effect it has.

A. Collect a diagram and using the two text books label clearly the following.

i. Larynx     ii. Alveoli       iii. Diaphragm

iv. Bronchi    v. Ribs           vi. Bronchioles       vii Lungs

B. Using the book 'Fundamentals of Health and PE' describe the route the air takes. Try and use the following words in your answers:

i. Oxygen      ii. Nose     iii. Mouth     iv. Windpipe    v. Trachea

vi. Bronchus   vii. Lungs   viii. Alveoli  ix. Bronchioles

C. In your own words explain why the nasal passage is so important.

A. Using any book, try and describe how we breathe. It is very important that

you understand the terms.

INSPIRATION } and what part the RIBS and DIAPHRAGM play in this

EXPIRATION } process.

B. Complete a table into your book.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN I BREATHE?

Draw two pie charts showing the mixture of air we breathe in and out.

You should know which is the air we exhale and which is the air we inhale.

Draw these charts in your book.

Now briefly describe the difference between the two pie charts.

What do you think the average volume of the lungs is? (in litres) - have a guess then try and find out.

The greatest amount of air which can be forcibly inspired and expired by the lungs is called the VITAL CAPACITY (You must remember this term)

A. What three factors could affect this capacity? - Answer in your book.

1 ___________________

2 ___________________

3 ___________________

B. How could your vital capacity be increased?

There are two types of respiration, two ways in which energy can be released.

ANAEROBIC Respiration } It is very important that you remember this!

AEROBIC Respiration

Read the following paragraph BEFORE you answer Question 1.

Anaerobic respiration takes place when you are puffed out and have used all the Oxygen in your body but you are still getting energy from your food. Only a limited amount of energy can be released with Oxygen, and anaerobic respiration often involves short intense muscular contractions. Sprinters and Throwers use Anaerobic Respiration.

Energy is supplied ATP (Adenosine TRIPHOSPHATE) which is formed by breaking down GLUCOSE. ATP is then broken down to form PYRUVIC ACID. If there is enough Oxygen this acid is changed to CARBON DIOXIDE and water and is removed through the lungs. If there is not enough Oxygen the Pyruvic Acid is changed into LACTIC ACID.

You may also find more useful information in 'Sport Examined' pages 12-13

and 'Fundamentals of Health and PE' page 63.

Now copy and complete the following:-

1[a] G_______________ is broken down by a chemical reaction to form

________________ Acid. The oxygen then changes this acid to ___________

_______________ and W______________ which are removed through the

L______________. If there is not enough oxygen available, the P___________

Acid is converted to ______________ Acid.

1[b] Lactic Acid builds up in the working muscles and overflows into the

______________. It makes it difficult for muscles to ________________ and

causes __________________. If a large amount of Lactic Acid builds up in

muscles, they will become ______________________ and might stop

________________.

1[c] An oxygen debt is a shortage of ______________. If we have not enough

oxygen when we exercise we have to breathe more _______________ and

_______________ to get more oxygen to the working ________________.

So we can carry on __________________ deeply and quickly after we have

stopped __________________, to pay back the oxygen debt.

COPY AND COMPLETE - ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

A.T.P. (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)

Formed in the breaking down of ____________________________________

This in turn is broken down by a

chemical reaction to give

_____________________

If there in Insufficient

oxygen then the acid turns to

another acid ________________________

If there is SUFFICIENT oxygen then

this acid when mixed with it changes

into CO2 + H20 and is removed through the lungs.

This causes tiredness

Read 'Sport Examined' page 13. Then copy and complete the following:-

Aerobic Respiration is where enough __________________ is available for the production of ______________ during exercise. The effort is less intense and can be carried on as long as sufficient oxygen is _______________ to change the Pyruvic Acid to ______________ _____________ and _____________. There is no ___________ ______________ to be repaid.

1. Now make a list of those activities which involve AEROBIC RESPIRATION.

2. Make a list of those activities which involve ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION.

3. Make a list of those activities which involve both.