THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this topic you should be able to:-

1) Put Muscles into three groups:-

voluntary

involuntary

cardiac (and give examples of each)

2) Say where the following muscles are in the body and what they do:-

Triceps            Pectorals

Quadriceps         Biceps

Trapezius          Hamstrings

Deltoid            Gluteus Maximus

Gastronemius

3) a. Say what an antagonistic pair of muscles do.

   b. and using the example of the biceps and triceps, explain their role in the flexion and   extension of the arm at the elbow.

4) Say which end of a muscle is the origin and which is the insertion.

5) Explain why the size and shape of muscles helps movement in specific joints.

6) Say what muscle tone is.

7) Say what muscle elasticity is.

A) READ PAGE 9 - "Muscles and Movement" in Sport Examined.

B) Now using any of the books available find out the difference between:-

Give examples of each.

C) What do we mean by:-

i. Skeletal muscles or striated muscles.

ii. Smooth muscles.

A) Collect

i. The sheet showing the outline of the body.

ii. The sheet with the major muscles on.

By cutting out the muscles, place them in the correct place and label them.

make sure you have 9 labels.

Deltoid          Pectorals

Quadriceps       Biceps

Trapezius        Hamstrings

Triceps          Gastronemius

Gluteus Maximus

B) Now using - Sport Examined and

Fundamentals of Health and PE

make a list of what each of the major muscles does.

_________MUSCLE________________________I____________ACTION_____________________

There are two muscles which move the arm - the BICEPS and the TRICEPS.

The Biceps bends the arm and so it is called the FLEXOR. On the other hand, the Triceps straightens the arm and so is called the EXTENSOR.

The two muscles work together producing opposite effects and are called

ANTAGONISTIC muscles. As these antagonistic muscles produce opposite effects, it is important that they do not contract at the same time, otherwise the arm won't move at all. The brain makes sure this does not happen. When messages are sent to the biceps, telling it to contract, they stop being sent to the triceps and vice-versa.

The arm is not the only place to have antagonistic muscles working together. As well as other places there are FLEXORS and EXTENSORS in the legs.

CAN YOU EXPLAIN HOW THEY WORK? WITH DIAGRAMS.

Use Fundamentals of Health and PE.

Copy the passage, using some of the following words to help you fill in the missing blanks, (some may be used more than once). Underline the words used to to fill in the blanks.

Concentric, Eccentric, Isometric, Isotonic, Shorten, Antagonistic, Rotation, Contract, Relax.

When you move a part of your body some muscles must ________________.

When they do this muscles _______________ and then they return to their original length when they ___________________. There are two main types of muscle contraction _______________ and ______________. When a part of the body moves or their is a change in the length of the muscle this is _______________

contraction. There are two types of this contraction _______________ and

______________. When muscles do not change their length or do no cause movement this is ______________ contraction.

Now give an example of how both these contractions work.

A) Using Fundamentals of Health and Fitness

- with the aid of a diagram explain what is meant by the ORIGIN and INSERTION of a muscle.

B) Try and explain:-

i. Why some muscles are bigger than others.

ii. Why muscles are different shapes.

By using any of the books available (including the library) try and find out what is meant by:-

i. Muscle Tone.

ii. Elasticity of Muscle.

Design a crossword that has at least 10 clues and involves some of the terms / words that you have come across in this topic.

(You may have to do a rough copy first).

LEAVE the finished crossword BLANK, with the clues at the SIDE and the answers at the BOTTOM of the page.