SPORT AND INJURY

This section is concerned with injuries which may arise as a result of exercise or participation in sporting activities. It is emphasised that students should not themselves undertake first aid treatment for suspected or confirmed fractures or dislocation but should be aware of the immediate responsible action to take in such circumstances.

OBJECTIVES

By the end of this booklet you should be able to:-

1. Recognise fractures of the upper and lower limbs and of the clavicle.

2. The causes, symptoms and treatment of sprains, strains and dislocations.

3. State the symptoms of shock, and its treatment.

4. Know the treatment of bruises and simple cuts and control of external bleeding.

5. To know what the treatment for winding, choking and unconsciousness is.

6. Give an explanation and description of mouth to mouth and artificial respiration.

7. To recognise other common joint injuries.

a. Bones are strong but they can be damaged. This is called a fracture.

There are different types of fractures. With the use of Sport Examined and

Fundamentals of Health and PE, give full descriptions of the following types

of fractures:-

i. a closed fracture    iii. a compound fracture

ii. an open fracture    iv. a stress fracture

b. Recognition of a fracture.

How would you be able to recognise that someone may have broken a limb

or clavicle?

Write a brief description of one paragraph, including 'P.U.L.S.E.'

Use any of the books provided.

c. Treatment

State how you would treat this fracture.

d. Read pages 109-110 and make notes on description, causes and prevention

of the following injuries:-

i. knee joint       iii. shoulder joint

ii. elbow joint     iv. ankle joint

Using any of the two textbooks, write a paragraph on each of the following,

to include description, the causes, treatment and the prevention.

i. muscle strain       vi. stitch

ii. sprains            vii. tendonitis

iii. dislocations      viii. tendon rupture

iv. muscle tear        ix. sprained and ruptured ligaments

v. cramp.              x. articular cartilage damage

P.S. Include R.I.C.E.

Using any of the textbooks, with the use of diagrams, if necessary, describe

how you would deal with:-

i. grazing        iii. burns

ii. deep cuts     iv. Bruising

Copy into your exercise books:-

a. Choking: A common incident at all ages. The obstruction to breathing is largely due to spasm.

Treatment: The aim is to remove any foreign body and relieve the spasm or, if necessary, to get air to the lungs past the foreign body if this cannot be removed.

An adult - Immediately strike him/her three or four sharp blows between the shoulders. After clearing any obstruction from the throat, give artificial respiration if necessary.

A child - Lay the child over the knee, head downwards. Slap to dislodge the obstruction and again give artificial respiration if necessary.

b. Winding; Winding is the result of a blow in the upper part of the abdomen [solar plexus] which may cause fainting or even collapse.

Treatment:

1. Place the casualty in the recovery position.

2. Loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist.

3. Gently massage the upper abdomen.

c. Unconsciousness: Read the section in Sport Examined page 59 that

relates to unconsciousness and its treatment and write your own summary.

Depending upon the seriousness of the injury further treatment may be

necessary, suggest what that might be.

5. MOUTH TO MOUTH, ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

Read pages 60-61 in Sport Examined which describes mouth to mouth resuscitation.

With the use of diagrams if you wish describe for yourself the stages of mouth to mouth resuscitation.

6. THE SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF SHOCK

Using any books that are available [you will need to visit the Library] try and summarise the symptoms and treatment of shock.

[IN YOUR OWN WORDS PLEASE]